Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing. It works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic of cancer cells, although it can also affect healthy cells that divide quickly, such as those in the hair, digestive system, and bone marrow. This is why chemotherapy often causes side effects like hair loss, nausea, and fatigue.

Chemotherapy can be used in different ways, such as:

• Before surgery to shrink tumors and make them easier to remove.

• After surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of the cancer coming back.

• To shrink tumors and relieve symptoms in advanced cancer.

• As a primary treatment for certain types of cancer.

Chemotherapy can be given in various ways, including by mouth, injection, or intravenously, depending on the type of cancer and the drugs being used. Treatment is usually given in cycles, with periods of treatment followed by rest to help the body recover. The effectiveness of chemotherapy depends on the cancer type, its stage, and how the body responds to the drugs.